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| − | = Things to Do after Installing Kubuntu 14.04 =
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| − | * System configuration:
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| − | ** Make the Grub bootloader accessible. <br/> Otherwise, if you ever to need access to the bootloader, it will be too late. <br/> Install package ''kde-config-grub2'' and you can configure it with the mouse under ''System Settings'', ''Startup and Shutdown'', ''GRUB2 Bootloader''. Choose "Automatically boot..." after 1 second, so that you have 1 second to press the arrow down key (for example) and stop the boot process. <br/> Or manually: edit ''/etc/default/grub'', add ''GRUB_TIMEOUT=1'', comment out ''GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT'', run ''sudo update-grub2''. <br/> You may also want to remove kernel options ''quiet'' and ''splash'' in order to see the boot messages.
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| − | ** Enable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to kill the current graphical session. <br/> If you make a mistake and/or your system becomes unresponsive, this key combination may be the safest and quickest way out. Edit "/etc/default/keyboard", find variable XKBOPTIONS and set it to "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp".
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| − | ** Reduce the amount of reserved disk space. <br/> On [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 ext4 filesystems], Linux reserves some disk space for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_%28computing%29 privileged processes] and to help prevent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_%28computing%29 fragmentation]. The default amount of 5 % comes from the times where hard disks were much smaller. You can reduce it to 1 % with command "sudo tune2fs -m 1.0 /dev/sdXY". <br/> In order to find out how much is reserved: sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdXY | grep -e "Reserved block count:" -e "Block count:"
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| − | ** If connecting a USB stick does not automatically mount it, or it asks too much confirmation, look at ''System Settings'', ''Removable Devices''.
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| − | * Performance optimisation:
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| − | ** Optimise filesystem performance with ''noatime''. <br/> Edit ''/etc/fstab'' and add options "noatime,commit=30" to your filesystems.
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| − | ** Disable unnecessary indexers:
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| − | *** KDE Baloo (formerly ''Nepomuk''). Go to ''System Settings'', ''Desktop Search'', and add your ''home'' folder, which acts as an indication to turn the indexer off. Later note: they have finally added an "Enable Desktop Search" checkbox with the latest update.
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| − | *** KDE Akonadi. Go to ''System Settings'', ''Personal Information'', stop the service.
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| − | *** ''updatedb'' / ''locate'' database. See [https://github.com/rdiez/Tools/tree/master/MlocateConflictingPackage mlocate conflicting package].
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| − | ** Prevent unexpected system updates. <br/> Unexpected package manager activity in the background can render your PC slow or even unresponsive when you are in a hurry. Configure the system updates to check less often (weekly or every fortnight) and disable automatic installation.
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| − | * KDE preferences:
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| − | ** Choose "Start with an empty session" in "System Settings", "Startup and Shutdown", "Session Management". <br/> You will probably want to untick option "Confirm logout" too.
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| − | ** Configure Keyboard shortcuts like under Windows: Go to "System Settings", "Shortcuts and Gestures", and then:
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| − | *** Ctrl+Esc should bring up the start menu: "Global Keyboard Shortcuts", "Plasma Desktop Shell", "Activate Application Launcher Widget".
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| − | *** Ctrl+Shift+Esc should bring up the Task Manager: "Custom Shortcuts", "Edit", "New", "Global Shortcut", "Command/URL", "Trigger", set Ctrl+Shift+Esc, "Action", enter "ksysguard".
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| − | *** Alt+Space should bring up the window menu: "Global Keyboard Shortcuts", "Kwin", "Window Operations Menu" ("Fensteraktionen-Menü in German).
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| − | *** Toggle Touchpad (on laptops): "Global Keyboard Shortcuts", "Touchpad KCM".
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| − | ** Useful shortcuts are, by the way:
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| − | *** Ctrl+Alt+Esc: Kill window on click, similar to starting xkill.
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| − | *** Ctrl+Alt+L: Lock desktop.
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| − | ** If the window resize borders are too thin and therefore hard to hit: Go to "System Settings", "Workspace Appearance", "Window Decorations", "Configure Decoration...", "General", "Border size".
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| − | ** Add ''pavucontrol'' ("PulseAudio Volume Control") to your favourites. <br/> You may need to install package ''pavucontrol'' first. The standard volume control applet does not let you choose where an application like Skype should be recording the audio from.
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| − | == For PCs with only 512 MiB RAM ==
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| − | 512 MiB of RAM is too little nowadays for Ubuntu-based system. Starting the package manager is already a heavy load for such a computer. Here is some suggestions:
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| − | * Get rid of ''apt-xapian-index'', see [https://github.com/rdiez/Tools/tree/master/FakeReplacementForAptXapianIndex Fake Replacement for Debian Package apt-xapian-index]
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| − | * Switch to a lightweight Web browser like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29 Midori]. <br/> You will lose some comfort, and some pages will not display properly, but Firefox and Chromium are just too heavy.
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| − | * Optimise your swap:
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| − | ** Move your swap partition to another drive.
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| − | *** If you have more than one drive, move the swap partition or file to the least-busy disk.
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| − | *** Try swapping to a USB stick. [http://askubuntu.com/questions/173676/how-to-make-a-usb-stick-swap-disk Here is a how-to guide].
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| − | *** If the computer has a memory card reader, you could use a fast memory card as the main swap drive. <br/> I have seen great swap performance improvements even with a standard 512 MB SD card (8.5 MB/s read speed, 2.5 MB/s write speed, 1 ms seek time) from an old digital camera connected over a cheap USB 2.0 card reader. The reason behind the improvements are probably the card's fast seek time and the lower pressure on the main hard disk.
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| − | *** If your video card has a lot of memory, some people have managed to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap_on_video_ram use some of it as a swap device].
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| − | ** Reduce the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swappiness swappiness] from the default 60 to 10. <br/> Whether this will improve swapping is debatable. It is probably a good idea only if you cannot move your swap partition to another drive. Add "vm.swappiness = 10" to file "/etc/sysctl.conf".
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| − | ** Try [[Benutzer:Rdiez/Linux_zram|swapping to zram]]. It made things worse for me, but your mileage may vary.
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| − | * Switch to a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Linux lightweight Linux distribution]. <br/> Xubuntu or Lubuntu will not bring much. You could try [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppy_Linux Puppy Linux].
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